When it comes to the English language, some phrases and words seem deceptively simple, yet their proper usage can often leave us scratching our heads. One such phrase that frequently sparks confusion is “per say” versus “per se”. It’s easy to see why this misunderstanding occurs; the two phrases sound incredibly similar, but only one is technically correct. In this article, we will explore the difference between per say and per se, clarify when and how to use each, and uncover the origin of the phrase, backed by facts, examples, and explanations.
Understanding the Basics: Per Say vs. Per Se
The phrase “per se” comes from Latin, meaning “by itself” or “intrinsically”. It’s commonly used to express that something is being considered in its own right, separate from other factors or influences. On the other hand, “per say” is a common mistake many people make when they intend to use “per se.”
Why is “per se” Correct?
Let’s break down the correct usage of “per se”. It functions as an adverb, describing something that exists in and of itself, without needing additional explanation or influence. For example:
- “The policy isn’t bad per se, but it needs improvement.”
- “I’m not opposed to his opinion per se, just the way he presents it.”
In both cases, “per se” is used to mean that the subject (policy or opinion) isn’t inherently bad or wrong, but there are other factors that require attention.
Why is “per say” Incorrect?
Though “per say” may seem like a reasonable alternative to many English speakers, it is not grammatically correct. The incorrect use of “say” instead of “se” confuses the meaning, as it doesn’t carry the same Latin roots. It’s easy to make this mistake, but knowing the correct version helps convey a more polished and accurate message in both writing and conversation.
Here’s an example of the error:
- Incorrect: “The policy isn’t bad per say, but it needs improvement.”
- Correct: “The policy isn’t bad per se, but it needs improvement.”
The Latin Roots of “Per Se”
To better understand why “per se” is the right term, we should explore its Latin roots. In Latin, “per” means “by,” and “se” means “itself.” Therefore, when combined, “per se” directly translates to “by itself” or “intrinsically.“
Historically, many English words and phrases have been adopted from Latin due to the influence of the Roman Empire and later scholarly work. Many legal, scientific, and philosophical terms come from Latin, and “per se” is one of those borrowed expressions.
In English, “per se” was first used around the 14th century, and it has continued to be an essential part of the language ever since. Its meaning has remained constant, providing clarity and precision in communication.
How to Use “Per Se” Correctly
Using “per se” correctly is straightforward once you grasp the concept. Here’s a guide for incorporating it into your writing or speech:
- Use it to explain something that exists in and of itself, without external factors.
- Use it to clarify that a statement or idea applies specifically to a subject, rather than to a larger or broader context.
- Avoid using it in places where the expression would be redundant or unnecessary.
Examples of Correct Usage:
- “The movie wasn’t bad per se, but it lacked depth.”
Here, “per se” emphasizes that the movie wasn’t inherently bad, but other aspects (like depth) made it less enjoyable. - “The book isn’t boring per se, but it doesn’t grab your attention.”
In this example, “per se” implies that the book doesn’t have an inherent flaw but lacks engagement. - “He wasn’t rude per se, but his tone was condescending.”
Again, “per se” is used to show that the person wasn’t intentionally rude, but his behavior might have appeared as such.
Common Mistakes and Pitfalls to Avoid
Even though “per se” is a well-known expression, some common mistakes still arise in everyday conversation and writing. To avoid these errors, here are some important points to keep in mind:
- Don’t use “per say”: As mentioned earlier, “per say” is an incorrect version of the expression. It’s a simple mix-up that occurs when people are trying to say “per se” but mistakenly use the wrong word.
- Don’t overuse “per se”: While “per se” is useful in certain situations, it can become overused if applied unnecessarily. Aim for clarity and conciseness, and don’t rely on this phrase too often to convey meaning.
- Avoid redundancy: If you’re explaining something that’s already obvious or clear, there’s no need to add “per se”. For instance, saying “The issue is the issue per se” is redundant.
The Evolution of Language and The Rise of “Per Say”
Language is always evolving, and some errors or misinterpretations tend to become so widespread that they eventually enter common speech. “Per say” is a perfect example of this phenomenon. While it’s still technically incorrect, its frequent usage has led to a broader acceptance, despite it being grammatically flawed.
However, language experts and grammarians continue to urge speakers and writers to stick to “per se”, as it maintains the accuracy and clarity that “per say” lacks. This is particularly important in professional settings, where precision and authority are valued.
Why Does It Matter?
Using the correct form, “per se”, ensures you sound authoritative, clear, and educated. When you make common language mistakes, such as “per say”, it can detract from the message you’re trying to convey and lower your credibility. For example, in legal writing, academic papers, or business communications, clarity and accuracy are paramount.
Alternatives to “Per Se”
If you find that “per se” isn’t quite right for your sentence, or you want to switch things up, there are alternative phrases you can use. These alternatives convey a similar meaning and can help you avoid overusing “per se” in your writing.
- “In itself” – Often interchangeable with “per se”, it conveys the idea of something existing on its own.
Example: “The book is not boring in itself, but it could use more excitement.” - “As such” – This phrase can also mean “in and of itself.”
Example: “The policy isn’t perfect as such, but it’s a step in the right direction.” - “By definition” – Useful when referring to something’s intrinsic qualities or nature.
Example: “The job isn’t glamorous by definition, but it’s essential.” - “Intrinsically” – A synonym for “per se” that expresses the core or fundamental nature of something.
Example: “The program isn’t flawed intrinsically, but there are areas for improvement.”
Conclusion: Always Choose Per Se
While “per say” may sound like a reasonable alternative, “per se” is the only correct form of the phrase. By using it properly, you ensure your language remains clear, accurate, and authoritative. As you continue to sharpen your writing skills, remember that clarity and precision are key to gaining the trust of your readers and establishing your expertise. So, next time you want to convey the idea of something being considered on its own, make sure to use “per se”—and you’ll never go wrong.
Jasper Hunter is a passionate writer and numerology enthusiast dedicated to exploring the profound significance of angel numbers. With a background in spiritual studies and a keen interest in metaphysics, Jasper delves into the mystical meanings behind numbers and how they can guide us in our daily lives.
